when a conductor moves through a
magnetic field, charged particles in the conductor experience an
electrodynamic force perpendicular to both the direction of mo-
tion and the magnetic field. So if a tether is moving from west to
east through Earth’s northward-pointing magnetic field, electrons
will be induced to flow down the tether [see illustration on pre-
ceding page].
The tether exchanges electrons with the ionosphere, a re-
gion of the atmosphere in which high-energy solar radiation
strips electrons from atoms, creating a jumble of electrons and
ions, called a plasma. The tether collects free electrons at one
end (the anode, or positively charged electron attractor) and
ejects them at the opposite end (the cathode, or negatively
charged electron emitter). The electrically conductive iono-
sphere serves to complete the circuit, and the result is a steady
current that can be tapped to use for onboard power. As a prac-
tical matter, in LEO a 20-kilometer tether with a suitable an-
ode design could produce up to 40 kilowatts of power, suffi-
cient to run manned research facilities.